Eastern Ghats The Eastern Ghats is a mountain range that stretches approximately 1,750 km along the eastern coast of the Indian peninsula. Covering an area of around 75,000 km², the range passes through several states, including Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Karnataka. Unlike the more continuous Western Ghats, the Eastern Ghats are characterized by fragmented hill ranges with varying elevations, making them a unique geological feature.

Key Features of the Eastern Ghats:

• Geography: The range is generally lower in elevation compared to the Western Ghats. Its highest peak is Jindhagada Peak in the state of Andhra Pradesh, standing at an elevation of about 1,690 meters.
• Rivers: Several important rivers, such as the Godavari, Krishna, and Mahanadi, originate from or flow through the Eastern Ghats. These rivers are crucial for irrigation and water supply to the regions they flow through.
• Flora and Fauna: The Eastern Ghats are home to rich biodiversity, including tropical forests, grasslands, and a variety of wildlife. Species such as the Indian tiger, Asian elephant, sambar deer, and numerous bird species, including the Indian hornbill, are found in this region. The range also has several protected areas like Kailashgiri Wildlife Sanctuary and Sri Venkateswara National Park.
• Climate: The climate in the Eastern Ghats varies from tropical to temperate, depending on the altitude. The lower regions typically experience a hot and humid climate, while the higher areas enjoy a cooler temperature.

Importance of the Eastern Ghats:

1. Ecological Significance: The Eastern Ghats are rich in biodiversity and serve as important watersheds. They support several endemic species of plants and animals.
2. Cultural and Religious Significance: The hills are home to several pilgrimage sites, such as the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple in Andhra Pradesh, attracting millions of visitors annually.
3. Mineral Resources: The region is known for its rich deposits of minerals like bauxite, iron ore, and limestone, which are extracted for industrial use.

Overall, the Eastern Ghats play a vital role in the ecological, cultural, and economic landscape of India. Their distinct features and diverse ecosystems make them an important geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.

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